One way this may be achieved is by exploiting vulnerable software on the user's computer. An adversary may try to de-anonymize the user by some means. Because the routing of the communication was partly concealed at every hop in the Tor circuit, this method eliminates any single point at which the communicating peers can be determined through network surveillance that relies upon knowing its source and destination. The final relay decrypts the innermost layer of encryption and sends the original data to its destination without revealing or knowing the source IP address. Each relay decrypts a layer of encryption to reveal the next relay in the circuit to pass the remaining encrypted data on to it.
Tor encrypts the data, including the next node destination IP address, multiple times and sends it through a virtual circuit comprising successive, random-selection Tor relays. Onion routing is implemented by encryption in the application layer of a communication protocol stack, nested like the layers of an onion. For example, Wikipedia blocks attempts by Tor users to edit articles unless special permission is sought. Some websites restrict allowances through Tor. Tor protects a user's privacy, but does not hide the fact that someone is using Tor. Tor does not prevent an online service from determining that it is being accessed through Tor. Tor's intended use is to protect the personal privacy of its users, as well as their freedom and ability to conduct confidential communication by keeping their Internet activities unmonitored. Using Tor makes it more difficult to trace Internet activity to the user: this includes "visits to Web sites, online posts, instant messages, and other communication forms". Tor directs Internet traffic through a free, worldwide, volunteer overlay network consisting of more than seven thousand relays to conceal a user's location and usage from anyone conducting network surveillance or traffic analysis. The name derived from the acronym for the original software project name "The Onion Router".
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Tor is free and open-source software for enabling anonymous communication.
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